Example #2

The verse narrative, Ginglamesh , reveals the overwhelming role of religion in Sumerian Society. Ginglamesh, as king, was considered to be acting the will of the gods. Ginglamesh’s arrogant behavior and practices, as well as his complete authority over the council of elders in the city of Uruk, prove that the Sumerian people were at the whim of their religious beliefs, and kings, therefore, had complete authority over the Sumerian people.

Kings were considered to be god-like, in that they were not regular men. This god-like persona gave Ginglamesh overwhelming power over the citizens of Uruk. Enkidu points out that Ginglamesh should not be the one to die because he is "two-thirds god," (46). This authority is also apparent in Ginglamesh’s arrogant practices. Ginglamesh demanded to sleep with all brides, before their husbands were permitted (15). This practice reveals his tyranny over the city of Uruk. The citizens did not revolt against his authority, because they felt he was representing the gods and it was their primary purpose in life was to "execute the will of the gods in heaven" (Perry 13). Ginglamesh’s power over the Sumerian people reveals the role of the king in Sumerian society as a god-like creature, with complete power over society.

The city of Uruk’s council of elders reveals a political structure was in place to handle major decisions. However, Ginglamesh "notifies" the council of elders he is to meet Humbaba, rather than seeking their advice on the matter (30). This example supports idea that kingship, as a permanent institution, succeeded the power of the council of elders (Perry 15). Therefore, Ginglamesh’s authority over the council of elders proves his complete power over Uruk.

The role of the king in Sumerian society was to execute the will of the gods. Ginglamesh’s tyranny over the city of Uruk proved that Sumerians held religion as an overpowering institution and Ginglamesh, as king, had ultimate authority over society.